@ARTICLE{Hemsel2006d,
  author = {Tobias Hemsel and Maik Mracek and Jens Twiefel and Piotr Vasiljev},
  title = {Piezoelectric linear motor concepts based on coupling of longitudinal
	vibrations},
  journal = {Ultrasonics},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {44, Supplement},
  pages = {e591 - e596},
  number = {0},
  note = {<ce:title>Proceedings of Ultrasonics International (UI'05) and World
	Congress on Ultrasonics (WCU)</ce:title>},
  __markedentry = {[K. Agbons jr:6]},
  abstract = {Classically, rotary motors with gears and spindle mechanisms are used
	to achieve translatory motion. In means of miniaturization and weight
	reduction piezoelectric linear motors are of interest. Several ultrasonic
	linear motors found in literature base on the use of two different
	vibration modes. Most often flexural and longitudinal modes are combined
	to achieve an elliptic micro-motion of surface points. This micro-motion
	is converted to direct linear (or translatory) motion of a driven
	slider. To gain high amplitudes of the micro-motion and thus having
	a powerful motor, the ultrasonic vibrator should be driven near the
	eigenfrequency of its modes. Additionally, low mechanical and electrical
	losses lead to increased efficiency and large amplitude magnification
	in resonance. This demands a geometrical design that fits the eigenfrequencies
	of the two different modes. A frequency-deviation of only a few percent
	leads to non-acceptable disturbance of the elliptical motion. Thus,
	the mechanical design of the vibrators has to be done very carefully.
	Within this contribution we discuss different motor designs based
	on the coupling of two the same longitudinal vibrations within one
	structure to generate an elliptic motion of surface points. Different
	concepts based on piezoelectric plates and Langevin transducers are
	compared. Benefits and drawbacks against the combination of longitudinal
	and bending modes will be discussed. Numerical results of the stator
	vibration as well as motor characteristics are validated by measurements
	on different prototypes. },
  bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041624X06000953},
  bdsk-url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.056},
  issn = {0041-624X},
  keywords = {Piezoelectric linear motor},
  owner = {K. Agbons jr},
  timestamp = {2013.11.23},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041624X06000953}
}